ss命令用于显示socket状态. 他可以显示PACKET sockets, TCP sockets, UDP sockets, DCCP sockets, RAW sockets, Unix domain sockets等等统计. 它比其他工具展示等多tcp和state信息. 它是一个非常实用、快速、有效的跟踪IP连接和sockets的新工具.SS命令可以提供如下信息：
很多流行的Linux发行版都支持ss以及很多监控工具使用ss命令.熟悉这个工具有助于您更好的发现与解决系统性能问题.本人强烈建议使用ss命令替代netstat部分命令,例如netsat -ant/lnt等.
展示他之前来做个对比,统计服务器并发连接数
netstat # time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l 3100 real 0m12.960s user 0m0.334s sys 0m12.561s # time ss -o state established | wc -l 3204 real 0m0.030s user 0m0.005s sys 0m0.026s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | netstat # time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l 3100 real 0m12.960s user 0m0.334s sys 0m12.561s # time ss -o state established | wc -l 3204 real 0m0.030s user 0m0.005s sys 0m0.026s |
结果很明显ss统计并发连接数效率完败netstat,在ss能搞定的情况下, 你还会在选择netstat吗, 还在犹豫吗, 看以下例子,或者跳转到帮助页面.
常用ss命令：
ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口 ss -pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket ss -t -a 显示所有tcp socket ss -u -a 显示所有的UDP Socekt ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 显示所有已建立的SMTP连接 ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 显示所有已建立的HTTP连接 ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有连接X服务器的进程 ss -s 列出当前socket详细信息:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口 ss -pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket ss -t -a 显示所有tcp socket ss -u -a 显示所有的UDP Socekt ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 显示所有已建立的SMTP连接 ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 显示所有已建立的HTTP连接 ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有连接X服务器的进程 ss -s 列出当前socket详细信息: |
显示sockets简要信息
列出当前已经连接，关闭，等待的tcp连接
# ss -s Total: 3519 (kernel 3691) TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452 Transport Total IP IPv6 * 3691 - - RAW 2 2 0 UDP 10 7 3 TCP 3375 3368 7 INET 3387 3377 10 FRAG 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | # ss -s Total: 3519 (kernel 3691) TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452 Transport Total IP IPv6 * 3691 - - RAW 2 2 0 UDP 10 7 3 TCP 3375 3368 7 INET 3387 3377 10 FRAG 0 0 0 |
列出当前监听端口
# ss -l Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 10 :::5989 :::* 0 5 *:rsync *:* 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* 0 511 *:http *:* 0 128 :::ssh :::* 0 128 *:ssh *:* 0 128 :::35766 :::* 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* 0 511 *:https *:* 0 100 :::1311 :::* 0 5 *:5666 *:* 0 128 *:3044 *:*
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | # ss -l Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 10 :::5989 :::* 0 5 *:rsync *:* 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* 0 511 *:http *:* 0 128 :::ssh :::* 0 128 *:ssh *:* 0 128 :::35766 :::* 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* 0 511 *:https *:* 0 100 :::1311 :::* 0 5 *:5666 *:* 0 128 *:3044 *:* |
ss列出每个进程名及其监听的端口
# ss -pl
1 | # ss -pl |
ss列所有的tcp sockets
# ss -t -a
1 | # ss -t -a |
ss列出所有udp sockets
# ss -u -a
1 | # ss -u -a |
ss列出所有http连接中的连接
# ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )'
1 | # ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' |
·以上包含对外提供的80，以及访问外部的80
·用以上命令完美的替代netstat获取http并发连接数，监控中常用到
ss列出本地哪个进程连接到x server
# ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*
1 | # ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* |
ss列出处在FIN-WAIT-1状态的http、https连接
# ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )'
1 | # ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' |
ss常用的state状态：
established syn-sent syn-recv fin-wait-1 fin-wait-2 time-wait closed close-wait last-ack listen closing all : All of the above states connected : All the states except for listen and closed synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv. big : Opposite to bucket state.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | established syn-sent syn-recv fin-wait-1 fin-wait-2 time-wait closed close-wait last-ack listen closing all : All of the above states connected : All the states except for listen and closed synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv. big : Opposite to bucket state. |
ss使用IP地址筛选
ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN src：表示来源 ADDRESS_PATTERN：表示地址规则 如下： ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接 ＃ 列出来至120.33.31.1,80端口的连接 ss src 120.33.31.1:http ss src 120.33.31.1:80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN src：表示来源 ADDRESS_PATTERN：表示地址规则 如下： ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接 ＃ 列出来至120.33.31.1,80端口的连接 ss src 120.33.31.1:http ss src 120.33.31.1:80 |
ss使用端口筛选
ss dport OP PORT OP:是运算符 PORT：表示端口 dport：表示过滤目标端口、相反的有sport
1 2 3 4 | ss dport OP PORT OP:是运算符 PORT：表示端口 dport：表示过滤目标端口、相反的有sport |
OP运算符如下：
<= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于 == or eq : 等于 != or ne : 不等于端口 < or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口
1 2 3 4 | <= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于 == or eq : 等于 != or ne : 不等于端口 < or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口 |
OP实例
ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80 ss dport = :http ss dport \> :1024 ss sport \> :1024 ss sport \< :32000 ss sport eq :22 ss dport != :22 ss state connected sport = :http ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80 ss dport = :http ss dport \> :1024 ss sport \> :1024 ss sport \< :32000 ss sport eq :22 ss dport != :22 ss state connected sport = :http ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24 |
为什么ss比netstat快：
netstat是遍历/proc下面每个PID目录，ss直接读/proc/net下面的统计信息。所以ss执行的时候消耗资源以及消耗的时间都比netstat少很多
ss命令帮助
# ss -h
Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ]
ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ]
-h, --help this message
-V, --version output version information
-n, --numeric don't resolve service names
-r, --resolve resolve host names
-a, --all display all sockets
-l, --listening display listening sockets
-o, --options show timer information
-e, --extended show detailed socket information
-m, --memory show socket memory usage
-p, --processes show process using socket
-i, --info show internal TCP information
-s, --summary show socket usage summary
-4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets
-6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets
-0, --packet display PACKET sockets
-t, --tcp display only TCP sockets
-u, --udp display only UDP sockets
-d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets
-w, --raw display only RAW sockets
-x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets
-f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY
-A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY
QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY]
-D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE
-F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE
FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | # ss -h Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, --help this message -V, --version output version information -n, --numeric don't resolve service names -r, --resolve resolve host names -a, --all display all sockets -l, --listening display listening sockets -o, --options show timer information -e, --extended show detailed socket information -m, --memory show socket memory usage -p, --processes show process using socket -i, --info show internal TCP information -s, --summary show socket usage summary -4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets -6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets -0, --packet display PACKET sockets -t, --tcp display only TCP sockets -u, --udp display only UDP sockets -d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets -w, --raw display only RAW sockets -x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets -f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY -A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY] -D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE -F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ] |
参考：http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-investigate-sockets-network-connections.html
了解这些字：网的意思 络的意思 状的意思 态的意思 工的意思 具的意思 命的意思 令的意思